Wednesday 30 January 2019

How are different social groups represented in the sequence you have analysed?


What role does the use of media language, signs and signifiers have in constructing and presenting these representations as real?


Your response must:
·         1.Answer the question.
·         2.Use key terms learned to date.
·         3.Give a range of examples from the sequence to support your ideas. THIS IS THE AREA YOU TEND TO LOSE MOST MARKS IN - CAMERA, EDITING, MES, SOUND

In the long form TV drama Stranger Things, the opening scenes present a scientist running through the Hawking’s Lab, whereby he is represented in an uncommon light, seemingly panicking and in fear. Most scientist usually have things under control and are not situated in such a dangerous environment and running for their lives. Despite this, it’s quite a conventional representation, as something is wrong, completely out of his control, and it is only natural he wants to get out. The button for the lift could signify the possible meaning of his only escape, hence why he begins hitting it frantically. Also, the sound is a key element to the way in which the scientists social class is represented. The alarm in the background continually rings, as well as clearly being able to hear him running- sounds confused and panicked, heavy breathing. The audience’s ability to identify the sound produced highlights how the scientists have lack of control, but also suggests that the government-of a higher class- are not to be trusted. The constant deep ‘boom’ implies that something is coming, thus foreshadowing the events to come in the scenes that follow.
In addition to this, the boys in the drama are represented in a common and stereotypical way, as they are representing a group of boys, who are using their imagination and deeply in focus of playing a game; they are a stereotypical portrayal of high school nerds. A conventional representation is shown, where their representations are clearly delivered, and aren’t really ambiguous. Low-key lighting is used, but it does feel somewhat more relaxed, despite the sound bridge which connects the first scene with the next- somewhat normal and creates a sense of reality. Their representation of smart, high school students is a stereotypical American high school cliché.
Moreover, other social groups represented throughout the first episode of Stranger Things are the Police, who are represented at first as being incompetent and carefree. As Hopper makes his way into work the use of a medium long shot shows his use of cigarettes again, reinstating his carefree attitude, which almost seem unusual for a police officer at work. The tracking in and out also shows the carefree attitudes of the other police officers- with one placing his legs upon the desk and another sitting there holding a deck of cards. The police are first represented as atypical, reinforced by Hopper stating that "Mondays are for coffee and contemplation", to be followed be his colleague's nonchalant behaviour suggesting their neglect of their duties as police officers.
Conversely, their social status is later reputable, when Hopper shows his keen interest to help search for Will, resulting in his discovery of his bike, as well as the lead which he followed into the Byers’ shed; the high-key lighting from their garden is slowly dispersed into low-key lighting when Hopper enters the shed.

Thursday 24 January 2019

Stranger Things Representation

Stranger Things Narrative


1) Is the narrative structure linear (chronological) or fragmented? How?
Stranger Things is both linear and fragmented, whereby the events of the narrative occur in chronological order: Will cycling home; Will disappears; family and friends out looking for him; etc. Although, the addition of the flashback within the episode disturbs the narrative, making it more fragmented.

2)  How many different storylines are introduced in the first episode? What are they?


·         Will’s disappearance
·         Hopper and his past
·         Nancy and Steve

3)   How many events are resolved, or we might have some understanding of how they might be resolved, by the end of the first episode?

      Examples of events that are solved include when Nancy slams the door on Dustin’s face, and when Benny is shot. Whilst others, such as Will’s disappearance and how Hopper’s daughter died, still remain unsolved at the end of the episode.

4)  How many events are unresolved by the end of the episode? Which ones? 
·         What happened to Will

·         What happened to Hoppers daughter

·         What took the scientist in the lift

5)  Is the narrative open ended or is there full closure of the storylines introduced in the episode?

The narrative is open ended, as there are many separate storylines yet to be developed and resolved. Despite Benny’s storyline coming to an end, the main storyline involving Will’s disappearance is still unsolved at the end of the episode.

6) What is/are the main events/storylines that will help to drive the narrative across the season?

The main storyline, as previously stated, is the one involving Will Byers’ disappearance, which will help drive the narrative across the next episodes. Also, the storyline involving Eleven is another major storyline introduced within the first episode. 

Wednesday 23 January 2019

Stranger Things Scene By Scene Timings

Narrative Theorists

TODOROV-EQUILIBRIUM THEORY


  • traditional narratives follow a 3 part structure of beginning, middle and end, which unfolds in a narrative arc of 4 phases
  • 1) exposition 2) intro of conflict  3) climax  4) resolution
  • usually in linear, chronological order/sequence of themes, actions or motives
  • examples= Benny's disruption, Joyce's disruption, scientist in the lift, discovery of Eleven

STRAUSS'-BINARY OPPOSITIONS

  • identified that we understand the world by the relationship that two opposites have together, belived narratives arranged around conflict of binary opposites 
  • examples= lost v found, terrestrial v extra-terrestrial, boys v girls, old v young, justice and unjustice
  • the conflict helps to drive the narrative forward

Narrative Structure


TYPES OF NARRATIVES

LINEAR NARRATIVE
  • clear beginning, middle and end
  • follows a chronological time frame
  • action A leads to action B which leads to action C etc.

FRAGMENTED NARRATIVE
  • non-linear, disrupted or disjointed narratives
  • multiple narratives at once
  • do not have a clear beginning, middle and end
  • events or actions may be shown out of chronological order
  • narrative technique that can help to show parallel stories, a story within a story, dreams etc within the same episode
  • seen to more closely replicate the way the human mind works
  • they make audience participate in the story to try and piece the story together- enigma codes (Roland Barthes)

RESTRICTED NARRATIVE
  • experience story through senses and thoughts of main character
  • almost always main character (protagonist)
  • narrative cannot tell audience things character doesn't know, find out things same time as character

OMNIPRESENT NARRATIVE
  • a panoramic, all seeing, view of the world of the story, not just one characters point of view
  • point of view of many characters, experience/feelings within story
  • helps audience see broader background to the story from a number of contexts
  • used for telling stories within the context, views and feelings of many characters are important

NARRATIVE ENDINGS

CLOSED ENDINGS

OPEN ENDINGS
  • when an episode or season ends with a cliff hanger
  • story-telling technique
  • can be unsatisfying for audiences
  • in LFTVD, open endings indicate there will be continuation of the story, or possible resolution, in the next episode
  • encourage viewer to continue watching

Thursday 17 January 2019

Stranger Things Character Analysis

Introduction to representations


  • goes 'beyond the binary'
  • characters move beyond simply good or bad
  • Steve and Hopper-complex characters
  • novelistic-multiple story lines and characters that arc over a number of episodes and series
  • flashbacks that explain their background
  • systematic change-isn't just focused on the individual
  • 'communities facing challenges and dealing with them by embracing or rejecting their own diversity' Jeff Gomez

TEENAGERS
The teenagers a re represented as being your typical high school students. Nancy and Mike's consistent arguing shows a typical sibling relationship of teenagers, and their disobedient behavior. Also, Stranger Things presents a conventional portrayal of high school social divisions, such as nerds, jocks etc.

MOTHERS
In the first episode of Stranger Things the mothers Joyce and Karen are seen as hardworking, caring types. Karen follows the typical domestic role as a mother, which contrasts with Joyce's stressed and frantic behavior, despite still showing signs of a typical mother who dearly loves her children.

ABSENT FATHERS
The audience are unaware of the whereabouts of Will and Jonathan's father, but soon come to the realization that he is no longer a part of the family. He is a stereotypical portrayal of an absent father who keeps in little contact with his kids. Moreover, even though Mike's dad is a part of the family, at times he still acts very oblivious, unaware of what is happening.

POLICE
The police at first are seen as atypical, when Hopper states "Mondays are for coffee and contemplation", following the long shot of his colleagues playing cards and putting their feet up on the table; they seem very carefree and neglect their duties as policemen. However, Hoppers focus on the case and discovery of Will's bike, soon shows that he is good at his job and is a smart man.

GOVERNMENT
The government appear very corrupt and questionable to the audience. They don't have as many scenes as the other characters in the first episode, adding to their mysteriousness and unusual behaviour.

FAMILY LIFE AND RELATIONSHIPS
Families are seen as both typical and atypical in Stranger Things. At first, Mike's family appear to be a typical household family, sitting around the table having dinner, before it turns dysfunctional and one by one the dad is by himself. Families seem very interdependent throughout, as well as showing communal relationships when everyone gets together in search for Will. 



https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z0mUGHvEGvWfuppkq2JWCc1cAdhN6yAp5HhmxFdtJDc/edit

Friday 11 January 2019

LFTVD Vocab

Federal Regulation- It licenses and regulates both commercial and noncommercial broadcast UHF and VHF television stations, which sets up certain basic requirements. 

PVR- Personal video recorder

VOD-Video on demand, is a programming system allowing users to select and watch/listen video or audio content such as movies and TV shows whenever they choose, rather than at a scheduled broadcast time.

Syndication- Broadcasting syndication is the license to broadcast television programs and radio programs by multiple television stations and radio stations, without going through a broadcast network. It is common in the United States where broadcast programming is scheduled by television networks with local independent affiliates.

'Water cooler'water cooler effect is a phenomenon, occurring when employees at a workplace gather around the office water cooler and chat. It is a synonym for gathering and connecting people in a certain environment to talk about a common interest, such as a TV program.  

Easter Eggs- It is an intentional inside joke, hidden message or image, or secret feature of a movie/ TV show.The name is used to evoke the idea of a traditional Easter egg hunt.

Time shiftingIn broadcasting, it is the recording of a program to a storage medium, allowing it to be viewed or listened to after the live broadcasting. Typically, this refers to TV programming but can also refer to radio shows via podcasts.

Streaming- Streaming a video is content sent in compressed form over the Internet and displayed by the viewer in real time, where you dont have to wait to download a file to play it. Instead, the media is sent in a continuous stream of data and is played as it arrives.


Terrestrial Tv- A type of television broadcasting in which the television signal is transmitted by radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a television station to a TV receiver having an antenna.

Stranger Things Poster Analysis


Stranger Things Intertextuality

Thursday 10 January 2019

Stranger Things Introduction

Stranger Things is set in 1983 surrounding the story of a group of kids in search for their missing friend. Along the way, they meet an unusual girl with supernatural powers called Eleven.. Throughout the series, they unravel extraordinary mysteries surrounding their small town including government secrets and supernatural forces.

- The 1st season had 8 episodes, costing $6 million per episode.
- The show was created by the Duffer brothers (Twins). Ross and Matt (Born in the 90s)
- The show pays homage to E.T
- It debuted in July 2016
- represents 1980s nostalgia
- The shows resembles many other 80s films such as Gremlins, the Goonies, Ghostbuster etc.
- Winona Ryder, a famous 80s actress, plays Will's mother-links the show to the 80s
- The show increased in marketing through online buzz and fan artwork.
- Little things in the background of scenes also referenced the 80s. E.g. Trapper Keeper
- When looking for a broadcaster/platform, the show was rejected by most mainstream.
- Netflix accepted as they were known as 'rebels' showing TV that was risky and different.
- The 1st series finished with unresolved issued meaning that they could be resolved in the 2nd series.
- Series 2 was set in 1984 and focused on the theme of video games whereas the first was board games
- The show references the work of Stephen Spielberg and Stephen King (Who both had a liking towards the show)
- The show contained weaponized intertextuality due to fan service
- Stranger Things is a Pastiche (Opposite of parody)
- The character Eleven is compared to the characters E.T., Carrie and the girl from fire starter
- Creative misprision is used.

Wednesday 9 January 2019

LFTVD examples

DEADWOOD

Genre-Western
Themes- Race, prostitution, misogyny, violence, politics, immigration
Narrative structure and story line- The town of Deadwood, South Dakota in the weeks following the cluster massacre is full of crime and corruption. There is a disillusioned and bitter ex-lawman and a man hoping to find a new start for himself. Both men find themselves quickly on opposite sides of legality and morality.
Character types- Criminals, a woman with cerebral palsy
Visual styles and production values- Slow-paced, seamless integration of CGI effects with sunlit western landscapes
Method/platform-
Memes/accessories-


MAD MEN

Genre-Period Drama
Themes- Identity and memory, gender and sexuality, alcoholism, counterculture, racism, smoking
Narrative structure and story line- Set in the 1960's. It follows the lives of the competitive men and women of madison avenue advertising, living in an eco-driven world where key players make an art of selling.
Character types- Ruthless and competitive men and women
Visual styles and production values- Episodes consist of immaculately composed shots, where by the lighting framing and performance combined tell a whole story in a single image.
Memes/accessories-


THE RETURNED

Genre- Supernatural, mystery, suspense, fantasy, drama
Themes- Mystery
Narrative structure and storyline- A small mountain community is disrupted by local people who are presumed dead and appear at their homes even though they had passed away. The 'dead' people are determined to reclaim their lives and start over. A murder is similar to a serial killer from the past.
Character types- Ghost-like
Visual styles and production values- French style
Method/platform-
Memes/accessories-

HANDMAID'S TALE

Genre- Utopian/ dystopian drama
Themes- Women in subjugation in a patriarchal society
Narrative structure and storyline-  A totalitarian society subjects fertile women called 'Handmaids' into child-bearing servitude.
Character types- Young Women
Visual styles and production values- The lack in colour and low-key lighting adds to the dark nature of the story and the dystopian elements.
Method/platform-
Memes/accessories- 

WALKING DEAD

Genre- Horror fiction
Themes- zombie apocalypse, death
Narrative structure and storyline- After a zombie apocalypse has occurred,  'walkers' (zombies) prevent people from living ordinary lives. The plot follows a group of survivors led by a former police officer, who travel, in search for safety and security from the world they are now living in.
Character types- Zombies, police officer, men and woman of all ages
Visual styles and production values- Abandoned setting, depictions of isolation and loss, as well as a sense of fear, in relation to the genre.
Method/platform-
Memes/accessories-

OZ

Genre- Crime Drama
Themes- Political cynicism, morally bankrupt system
Narrative structure and storyline- Set in 'Emerald City', in the experimental unit of the prison, the unit manager emphasises rehabilitation; it is an extremely controlled environment with a carefully managed balance of members from each racial and social group.
Character types- Criminals
Visual styles and production values- Darkness, set in a prison to create feelings of fear and suspense.
Method/platform-
Memes/accessories-




Genres
Themes
Narrative
Characters
Production Values
Methods/Platforms
State of the Nation Cultural Zeitgeist
Memes/Accessories
Deadwood
Western
Race, prostitution, misogyny, violence
Set in 1870s, Deadwood, before and after the areas annexation by Dakota territory, charts Deadwoods growth from camp to town. The storyline includes historical truths from diaries and newspapers, but is also fictional.

Criminals
Quite slow-paced, seamless integration of CGI effects with sunlit western landscapes.

Amazon, HBO


Mad Men
Period Drama
Identity, gender and sexuality, racism, alcoholism
Narrated third person by unnamed reader, the conflict that exists between Nwibes wives that is mirrored by internal conflict. No one believes his story that his clothes were robbed by a Mad Men. Nwibes identity is changed by the way he is perceived by others.

Competitive men and women
Every episode has immaculately composed shots where lighting, framing and performance combined tell a whole story in a single image.

Netflix


The Returned
Supernatural/Fantasy
Mystery
Flexi narrative, characters are complex and stories interweave, makes you question what is real and what isn’t. Flashbacks / flashforwards creates complex manipulation of time and space for audience. Symbolic / cultural codes e.g. apocalyptic symbolism of the flood through use of colour.


Ghost-like characters
French style
Netflix


Handmaid’s Tale
Utopian and Dystopian Drama
Women in subjugation in a patriarchal society
Offred a handmaid herself narrates the story who lives in Gilead, where she is slave to the state and her purpose is to bear children. She frequently slips in and out of flashbacks where the reader can reconstruct events leading to the beginning of the story.

Inferior women
Shafts of light shine through windows making the rest of the room dark and the light is only natural (low-key). use of symmetry and close ups. the entire show lacks vibrant colour, each shot has a pale mix of neutral colours instead to make the show feel more like early 20th century.

Hulu, All4


The Walking Dead
Horror
Violence, family, courage, isolation and gender
Narrative begins by posing dramatic question “why has lee been convicted?” the rest of narrative pans out in a similar way to opening scene – couching character and narrative progression in context of the horror of the world. The relationships between characters are focused and established early creating immediacy.

Heroes (people) and villains (walkers)
Opening scene has a lack of characters in the setting, use of abandoned settings makes the audience feel isolated and uneasy to fit in with the horror genre. Most of the shots are sort of yellowy/faded.

Amazon, Now TV


Oz
Crime Drama
Morally bankrupt system
Set in emerald city in an experimental unit of prison emphasizing rehabilitation during incarceration, with a managed balance of each social and racial group.
Criminals
Dark style, mainly set in prison 

Amazon, Now TV, HBO









Monday 7 January 2019

Introduction to TV Drama

Paper 2- Section B
            - Questions 3 and 4

What is covered in the exam:
  • L.I.A.R
  • Context 
  • Theorists

What is Long Form TV Drama? Conventions?
  • often 1 hour episodes
  • high production values
  • dramatic cliff-hangers
  • multiple narratives
  • stock characters
  • various locations
  • a number of episodes that create a narrative
GENRE- can fit into any (eg. Drama, Mystery, Thriller, Comedy)
THEMES- can fit into any (eg. power, war, love, family, good vs evil)
NARRATIVES- show a variety of different narratives that stand out from normality
CHARACTERS- captivate the audience with their story lines an are enjoyable to watch
PRODUCTION VALUES- the most successful shows often range from 4 to 5 million per episode
METHODS/PLATFORMS- Terrestrial TV, Cable Tv, subscriptions, streaming
STATE OF NATION- doesn't fit in with reality of everyday life, acts as an escape for the viewers
MEMES/ACCESSORIES- they are used to help determine the popularity of a seriesLFVD can fit into any (E.g. Comedy, horror, thriller, 




US network broadcasters must satisfy their advertisers and hold market share; they are controlled by federal regulation.

US cable television

HBO- launched in 1970's, first US national subscription cable TV channel

UK broadcasters have failed to meet challenge of US cable channels move to long form TV drama

BBC and ITV in the 1990's relied on genre based, formula drama


PLATFORMS

  • content via TV still dominates in UK
  • 3/4 of household have PVR (personal video recorder) uptake but it has plateaued 
  • use of timeshift is increasing
  • growth of SVOD (subscription voice on demand) web based channels such as Netflix, Amazon Instant Video and Now TV
  • Netflix dominates with 24% of UK market and 5 million subscribers 10% growth 2015-2016

AUDIENCES

  • rise of binge-watching started with DVD in the late 1990s/2000s, partially due to syndication problems in the UK
  • a move from 'water cooler' TV to 'shared universe' fandom (as with cinema)
  • US long form drama often uses Easter eggs, and mid-season breaks to generate fan intensity and maintain media profile

Why do audiences love TV drama?
  • high quality drama
  • multiple episodes, hours, years
  • content can be dark and difficult but innovative
  • now attracts some of the best and innovative writers and actors
  • time shifting, easily accessible

Why do long form dramas from different countries offer different representations?

Long form television dramas (LFTVDs) are influenced by social, cultural, economic, political and historical contexts. Social contexts inclu...