Comparison between Daily Mail and Telegraph Online News.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5118189/Five-people-killed-stolen-car-crashes-tree.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/26/five-killed-including-three-children-stolen-car-crashes-leeds/

	Daily Mail	Daily Telegraph
Who was involved?	This article involved involved the killing of ‘brothers aged 12 and 14, a 15-year-old friend, man of 24 and 28-year-old father whose third child was due before Christmas.	‘Among the victims were two brothers, Ellis and Elliot Thornton, aged 12 and 15. A third boy was named locally as Darnell Harte, who is thought to be 15. Two men aged 24 and 28 also died.’
What happened?	‘Two 15 yea-old-boys were arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving after a Renault Clio hit a tree and they remained in police custody on Sunday Night.’	‘Three children were among five people killed when a stolen car hit a tree.’
Where did it happen?	This accident occurred on Stonegate Road in Meanwood area in West Yorkshire.	This accident happened on Stonegate Road, around three miles north of Leeds city centre.
When did it happen?	It happened ‘shortly before 10pm on Saturday night’ on 25th November 2017.	It ‘occurred shortly before 10pm on Saturday night’ on 25th November 2017.
How did it happen?	It was thought that a Renault Clio was stolen, which crashed into a tree.	Police believed the Renault Clio was stolen, which then later crashed into a tree.
Why did it happen?	‘They were arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving’. However, the police were unsure of who was driving the vehicle at the time. ‘Police had been working on the assumption all seven people were in the vehicle when it crashed’, which highlights why they were at the scene. Although, the reason as to why they were in the car hasn’t been shown.	The crash happened due to poor driving, although the police cannot give a reason why they stole the car or were driving in the first place.

What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information?

When the stories are compared with one another, both The Daily Mail and The Telegraph fail to present a reason why the crash occurred, which can be more captivating for the audience, as they would want to find out the reason for the incident-especially those who may have known the victims. Moreover, they both inform us with the ages of those involved and give similar location details as to where the accident happened. Both articles have given us well presented statistics on the story.

Representation On The Front Pages

Who is being represented in this image?

When we first take a look at this image, a representation of a black, chav teenager is shown. The audience are lead to believe that this is also a male teenager who has caused chaos.

Are you being given the stereotypical or countertypical image of the person/group? Describe the representation.
In the main image shown, we are presented with the stereotypical appearance of a teenager. Most teenagers are seen to be inflict disruption and most males can be described as 'chavy' by wearing a lot of tracksuit bottoms and baggy clothing.

HOW is this representation being constructed by the media language? – consider camera angles, choice of images, colours, size, mise en scene, etc.
Moreover, the colour of the fire in the background is emphasised to highlight the atrocities caused in the riots.
Also, there is a long shot camera angle which presents the full length of the person in the photo, so the audience can see what they look like. This results in a lack of focus on their facial features or expressions, which could suggests they are trying to hide who is really underneath the hood-are they a teenager or not?

How is the representation being constructed by the text? – consider word choices, size of text, tone, etc.
On this front page, the heading 'ANARCHY' is in bold capital letters, so it captivates the readers attention. It informs the audience that state of disorder has occurred, which can often be more intriguing for readers.
In addition to this, the newspaper uses bullet points to present the information, instead of detailed writing. This highlights that The Sun want us as an audience to read the bullet points first,  as most people may ignore the small print that is hidden to the right next to the fire.
Furthermore, the sub-heading is displayed in red capitals. The colour red could hold the connotation of death and killing, which indicates that it is a serious story and has affected many people.


Does this representation fit with the institutional codes and conventions? Explain your answer. – think about institution, audience, tabloid/broadsheet, etc.
This comes from a broadsheet, which fits in with their codes and conventions of a more basic layout, consisting of a serious headline where the main news is displayed on the front page. The audience's attention is drawn to this one news story, whereby the image explains most of what has happened without the need for lots and lots of writing, which is probably included on this inside pages.



 Who is being represented in this image?
The Sun are presenting immigrants in this image, people who are living in the UK permanently from a different country.

Are you being given the stereotypical or countertypical image of the person/group? Describe the representation.
We re given the stereotypical portrayal of the negativity that immigrants are bringing to our country. Immigrants are seen as people who come over to our country and are taking up a lot of jobs and a lot of housing.

HOW is this representation being constructed by the media language? – consider camera angles, choice of images, colours, size, mise en scene, etc.
The newspaper has used the the map of Europe in the background, with the red and white stripes of the England flag in the foreground. It highlights the importance of this country and that we should come first. This story and imagery takes up the entire page, which further implies it is news which The Sun want their audience to read about.

How is the representation being constructed by the text? – consider word choices, size of text, tone, etc.
The use of text emphasises the strong opinion that The Sun hold towards immigration. The exclamation mark at the end, along with the bold capitals has filled majority of the page, because the newspaper wants readers to clearly understand it and take into account what is being presented.

Does this representation fit with the institutional codes and conventions? Explain your answer. – think about institution, audience, tabloid/broadsheet, etc.
This is an example of a broadsheet newspaper, where the main news is featured on the front page and there is a more basic layout. Moreover, a broadsheet often features political news, which relates to the immigrants and the politics which are involved in fighting for or against it.




Who is being represented in this image?
In this image, it is Prince George-royalty-who is being presented in this image.

Are you being given the stereotypical or countertypical image of the person/group? Describe the representation.
As an audience we are being given the stereotypical appearance of the royal family and their children. The person shown in the image is Prince George and he is presented in a way which follows the stereotypical view of royalty. Royalty are represented as well-dressed and elegant people, which is why they have used the image of George to illustrate this.


HOW is this representation being constructed by the media language? – consider camera angles, choice of images, colours, size, mise en scene, etc.
The Sun have used him as a main image to fill a wide area on the page, which symbolises his importance. The camera angle used is a medium shot, as most of his body is shown.Prince George is displaying acts of innocence in his posh, pale yellow outfit. The colour yellow could hold the connotation of a flower and nature, suggesting his innocence and purity.

How is the representation being constructed by the text? – consider word choices, size of text, tone, etc.
The main heading is a play on word of the adjective gorgeous, where instead the newspaper have used 'Georgeous' where the 'George' represents Prince George himself. They have embedded his name in the adjective because they believe Prince George is attractive and beautiful. To reinforce the notion of beauty, the use of bold capitals exaggerates the story and informs the audience of his importance-they want to portray the rest of the royal family as gorgeous people.

Does this representation fit with the institutional codes and conventions? Explain your answer. – think about institution, audience, tabloid/broadsheet, etc.
The Sun are a newspaper who are right-wing, so they uphold traditional values of people such as the royals. They want their audience to also follow their love and support of the royal family and want them to be seen in a positive way.

Different Perspectives

	The Times	Daily Mirror
Who was involved?	A 33-year old man, one-year-old boy and his twin sister.	In this story, twins and their parents were involved.
What happened?	‘A 33-year-old man was arrested last night in connections with the killing of a one-year old boy’.	‘A MAN has been held over suspected hammer attack on twin toddlers that killed one and left the other fighting for life’.
Where did it happen?	Finsbury Park, North London.	At a three-storey property in Hackney, North London.
When did it happen?	Police were called at 11:10pm Saturday 18th March 2017.	It occurred when their mother came out screaming at 11:10pm on Saturday 18th March 2017.
How did it happen/	This article doesn’t state how the two children were harmed.	A father attacked his two children with a hammer.
Why did it happen?	This article doesn’t give a reason as to why the father wanted to harm his children.	The mother stated ‘I think he had mental problems’

What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information?

Firstly, The Times presents their content with more statistics, such as the age of the man, where as the Daily Mirror doesn't mention this. Also, The Daily Mirror has mentioned the 'hammer' that was used as a method of attack, however The Times fails to highlight this important fact of how the children were effected.

Moreover, The Daily Mirror have chosen to present less content on their news article, but have instead opted for a larger main image to convey most of the story and to draw closer attention. By placing the body text to the right hand side of the page, it almost creates an impression that it isn't as important, because most of the story can be read and imagined through their choice of imagery.

Why do you think that is?

When we look at The Times and their intentions, it relates to their aim of captivating an
 target audience that are mostly in the A, B or C1 demographic, who would be more sympathetic and supportive-not just after an interesting story. They may have chosen to disregard some information to avoid upset to the public, as a hammer is a distressing tool, which would only evoke horrifying imagery-The Times don't want to make their readers feel uneasy.

On the other hand, when we are presented with the Daily Mirror's version of the same news story, they have chosen  to make the picture stand out. It suggests that their main target audience are those of a C2, D and E demographic, whereby the use of imagery is more enticing than lots of written text.

In addition to this, the added statistical information is not as important, as the journalists main goal is to simply get the story across in the easiest way possible, which can make it a lot more easy and understanding for their audience.

The Social Media Effect

By Sam Laird
Mashable

'More than ever, people are using Twitter, Facebook and other social media sources to learn about what's happening in the world, as traditional news outlets become increasingly less relevant to the digital generation.'

Online news now generates more revenue than print newspapers- suppressing it.

Pros:

• immediacy to news stories
• everyone has the ability to report
• stories are disseminated quickly
• phones can go where some TV reporters and there cameras can't, such as courtrooms

Cons:

• Twitter only allows for 140 characters to tell a story
• inaccurate information 
• missing facts in stories
• journalistic integrity could be comprimised
• amateur reporters putting themselves or others in harms way to get a news story

Politics and the newspapers

LEFT WING

• The Guardian
• Daily Mirror

• Labour, 
• Green Party

1. optimists-visionaries of the future (forward looking)
2. pro-Europe/anti-brexit
3. pro immigration
4. pro-multiculturalism
5. 'Welfare State'- benefits, for the many, not the few
6. higher taxes-especially the rich
7. looking for more equality
8. 'idealist'
9. fight for women's rights, gay rights etc.
10. pro-nationalism
11. very concerned with the environment

RIGHT WING

• Daily Mail
• The Sun

• Conservatives
• UKIP (UK Independence Party)
• BNP (British National Party)

1. traditional values-love of the past (royals, veterans etc)
2. 'survival of the fittest'- we should be able to keep the money we earn, because we deserve it
3. don't believe in benefits/welfare for all
4. don't want the NHS, or state schools-privatisation
5. tied to Christian beliefs-against gay marriage, some are anti-abortion
6. pro-brexit-anti immigration
7. not worried about the environment
8. pro nuclear weapons

Curran and Seaton

2003

They believed that newspapers aimed at the working class make the assumption they are not into serious or political news. They described it as having a limited or inhibited variety.

Roland Barthes

Roland Barthes came up with the idea of mythology with regards to people or places. He believed that media gives us mythic representations or fairy tale-like portrayals.

Galtung and Ruge

In 1965, Galtung and Ruge (media researchers) analysed international news stories to find out what factors they had in common, and what factors put them at the top of the news agenda. They decided to come up with the idea of a scoring system, which were a list of news values- a story which scores highly on each value, is certain to come at the start of a TV news bulletin, or make the front page of a newspaper. Moreover, it helps journalists and editors to draw on their experiences, by understanding what an audience expects, what stories have had a major impact on public consciousness in the past and what is important. It varies for each news organisation, where they will have their own system of setting a news agenda.

How can you spot bias in a newspaper?

Bias through choice of photos, captions and camera angles- does the person look empowered?weak? Foolish? etc

For the front cover of this news article, May has been presented in an unappealing way, as the picture captured is of her making a disgusted face.The camera angle used was a middle-close up, which draws in the audiences attention on her facial expressions. It could be a way of highlighting May's role as Prime minister and that she is unsuitable for this role. 

Bias through placement-is it on the front page or hidden? What is the length of the article?

The Daily Mirror have chosen to present their main article with little writing and information. The placement on the front page stands out, highlighting its importance. However, featured in the skyline is a brief outline on what is also in the newspaper, but it can easily be ignored, as it isn't as noticeable.

Bias through word choice and tone- is it sympathetic or critical?

The choice of words used on this front page suggests the story is critical. The noun 'massacre' stands out as an act of slaughter and death, which informs the audience of the devastating and critical news that has occurred.

Bias through headlines- what is the headline article, and how is the article pitched through the headline?

The Daily Express have chosen to be very bias in their main article, as they have said 'vote may'. Most articles will give an obvious opinion whether they want you to vote or not, but this newspaper have simply stated 'vote', which implies there strong agreement with May. The headline ends with the noun 'disaster', because they want their audience to feel a sense of worry if they do not vote for May, meaning their intentions to get more votes will encourage or force people to follow.

Bias through source control- who have they interviewed/ asked for information?

In this article, The Guardian have chosen to included quotes and information from people in Labour and the Liberal Democrats, who are both more left-wing or central. The Guardian are also left-wing supporters, which highlights they are being bias with regards to who they support and the opinions they want to convey to there audience. This is because they want people to follow the left-wing and don't want them to here any opposing views, even though they may be correct or the same.

Bias through naming and titles- nicknames, respectful terms, etc.

For this article, The Sun have chosen to mock Corbyn. They have done this by calling him a 'jezter', which relates to a clown-like entertainer. It highlights there opinion of him is negative as he shouldn't be taken seriously, and he has no intelligence to be in a high position. They also indicate their political bias position, as they are calling him a 'Labour hypocrite', which suggets they do not want to follow the Labour party with Corbyn as a lead role.

Bias through selection or omission- which articles are included or left out?

In The Daily Mirror, they have selection for one of the main articles to be 'soft' celebrity news, on reality TV. Although, the Financial Times have selected 'hard' news about politics and Hammond. Both of these newspapers were from the same day, which shows that they both have different opinions on what they believe is of more importance and interest for their audiences.

Bias through statistics and crowd counts- how statistics are manipulated to make a point.

In The Guardian, there use of statistics shows there main concern is poverty. Instead of using the headline 'Hong Kong:80% of residents don't live in poverty', they have decided to say '20% of residents live in poverty'. It informs the audience that there main aim is to get the focus on the poorer residents rather than the richer, better off residents. It helps to draw in more attention, because it shows they are concerned for the well-being of poverty and want them to live better.

Pros and Cons of Online News

PROS

• free
• immediacy (updated regularly)
• navigation
• unlimited space
• interactive

CONS

• requires a phone/tablet or computer
• requires internet connection
• fake news
• hackable
• comments (can act as a distraction from the news)
• skim news ( not enough investigation or thoroughness)
• older generations may have trouble
• there are adverts and pop-ups

Newspaper comparison: Online vs Broadsheet

Language Analysis of an Article

FROM THE EVERGLADES TO KILIMANJARO, CLIMATE CHANGE IS DESTROYING WORLD WONDERS. Monday 13 November 2017 09.47 GMT

Newspaper Data

Summary:

• The Sun has the highest print circulation, where as The Independent carries the lowest.
• The Sun and The Daily Mail are more tabloids, resulting in the appeal to the mainstream demographic. This further shows that the more mainstream a newspaper is, the more copies it will produce.
• The Times is the oldest newspaper, being established in 1785, whilst The Independent was only introduced in 1986.
• The Daily Mail exceeds all over newspaper, having 4x the amount of readers online
• Over 50% of Daily Mail readers are over 64.
• A higher percentage of newspapers support the political views of the conservatives.

Construction of a News Report

Narrative

This article has presented the reader with information that gives them a clear understanding of what it's about. This can help entice the reader more, because they don't lack knowledge or are confused about the written text they are given.

Structure

Moreover, the structure has been set out in three short columns, embedded with short paragraphs. Each paragraph gives the reader more information and understanding on the story, but not in too much detail so that the reader will be inclined to read ahead. Majority of news stories will structure their work so that the more important or interesting information is written first, shortly followed by the less important information. Therefore, this article highlights that 'Brady's body will be released only after a coroner is satisfied that his ashes will not be scattered on Saddleworth Moor', is seen as more important than 'he suffered a cardiac arrest'. Despite the structure of this article, some readers may find how Ian Brady died more intriguing than what the coroner has to say. It indicates voyeuristic elements, as many people would find how he suffered of more interest. However, the main focus on the story is where is ashes will be buried, so the cause of death is irrelevant.

Headline

Firstly, the noun 'moor' would have been used to captivate more readers, as this word will remind many (if they have forgotten) on the significance of Ian Brady and what he had done. The bold headline instantly stands out from the narrative text, which would be the main focus to try to intrigue the reader into wanting to find out more information. There is not further information on who is in fear, so it is up to the reader to read the article and find out; it has been used as an enigma, as a way of creating mystery.

The Intro

In addition to this, the use of the intro is to encourage the reader to continue reading. In most cases, they are very short and consist of approximately 30 words, where the concept is easy to understand. The intro in this article, is to highlight to the reader there is a discussion of where Brady's ashes will be rested.

Focus

For this article, the reader is aware that the focus is on Ian Brady. The journalist has deliberately used personalisation to provoke human interest in the reader. The names and ages of the victims has been used as a focus point in one short paragraph, which creates sympathy for the families involved and gets the reader more upset. Also, quotes are also used to emphasize importance, where by the journalist has included a quote from a victim's brother.

Newspaper Vocabulary

Broadsheet-a newspaper with a large format, regarded as more serious and less sensationalist than tabloids.

Tabloid-a newspaper having pages half the size of a broadsheet, typically popular in style and dominated by sensational stories.

Subjective Epistemologies- the ways of telling a story

'Soft news'-celebrity gossip, sport, TV analysis, scandals/controversy, voyeuristic crime reporting

'Hard news'- politics, financial, business, healthcare, education, economy, war and conflict

Immediacy- breaking news stories with the ability to expand its content

Gatekeeping- a term applied to the editing and filtering process where decisions are made to let some information 'pass through' to the receiver (audience) whilst the other information remains barren.

News Values

In 1965, researchers analysed international news stories in order to see the top news 'agenda'. It led to the creation of the list known as 'news values'- a scoring system. It was created by Gultung and Ruge.

There are eight news values listed:

Threshold- the bigger the impact and reach of a story

Unexpectedness- no one expects news to happen, shock effect

Negativity- a bad, depressing depiction on a story, results in more interest

Elite persons/places- about important people or powerful nations

Unambiguous- story with little confusion that is easy to understand and to report

Personalisation- give human interest, showing personal stories

Proximity- the distance from the story, closer you are the more interest shown

Continuity/currency- stories already in the news that can be updated

Newspaper Semiotics

Headline: Queen's £10M Tax Haven Scandal

Threshold- the Queen has a great impact on most people in the UK.

Unexpectedness- the day before this story, no one in the public would have known about this scandal therefore it is unexpected.

Negativity- this is negative because it seems as if the Queen and other people have been deceiving the public because they haven't been paying tax.

Elite persons/Places- The Queen is the elitist person in the UK.

Unambiguous- It is easy to understand that the Queen along with others have invested their money offshore which means they aren't paying all their taxes in the UK.

Personalisation- If they had just said 'Important Peoples £10 million Tax Haven Scandal' then it would not have the same effect as using the 'Queen'.

Proximity- As this is happening in the UK in London it is close to home for many people reading this newspaper.

Continuity/Currency- As this piece of news only came out yesterday, it hasn't had the time to continue. However it will still be in the news for many days because more people are being named in the tax haven scandal.

Audience

The stereotypical reader for the Daily Mirror are Labour Party voters. However these people are low income, they religiously feel that anyone with a posh accent is evil.

Judging this information above the Queen is a prime example of someone with a posh accent hence why she is presented in such a negative light.

Another reason why this newspaper has targeted its audience well is that Theresa May is portrayed unfavourably because May is from the Tory Party.

Masthead

The name 'Daily Mirror', the word 'mirror' could suggest reflection, they reflect on each piece of news they receive. The masthead is all in capital letters which suggests boldness and that the information is factual and simple.

Layout and Style

On this cover there are 3 headlines/ lead stories. It is reasonably easy to identify these three sections as they are have different colours and are compartmentalise into three boxes. The main image seems to be the couple who left Strictly, however the main headline is the Queen's tax haven scandal. The fact that the Queen's scandal takes up half the page, shows that this is the focus of the newspaper another thing about this headline is that it is in a bold large typeface which is quite in your face and it forces an opinion to the reader therefore we can't really form an opinion ourselves.

Language

The language is very simplistic, there are no 'big words' that cannot be understood. All the words are in short quick snippets making it easy for the reader to read, this means that the readers can decide in a short space of time, whether they want to buy this newspaper.

Connotations/Denotations

The red colour in the masthead clearly shows that the Daily Mirror support the Labour Party. The red poppy within the masthead is obviously a special as it is the month of November but this connotes the war and soldiers who have died, this shows the newspaper care about this    and are happy to present it on their front cover. The different typefaces for the different articles show that the articles are varied and different. The use of the stand first 'cash secrets of super rich' being written in red connote there love for labour as well and also the colour red generally suggests danger and therefore we think the Queen's scandal is dangerous- they are planting ideas into our heads.

Headline: Sex scandal will 'clear out' ministers

News Values

Threshold- Government ministers have a big impact on the UK, as they have significant control over our control.

Unexpectedness- shock factor that it's the ministers accused of sex scandals.

Negativity- both sex scandals and home- schooling loophole have an interest on readers, as they create both disappointment and upset.

Elite persons/places- the ministers have an important role in government, so it is more intriguing to see if it's true. Also, the representation of Trump is a leading role of USA, who are a big nation.

Unambiguous- the use of headings and subheadings makes the story easy to understand, as they tell you what you need to know. However, the main image can be difficult to understand, as there is little or relevant information on the subject.

Personalisation- the closest thing to personalisation is the '20 people' killed in the Texas Church shooting, however if they included the young girl that sadly dies, it would have had more impact and human interest.

Proximity- the sex scandal is occurring around London, which is within close proximity to many people, so they feel more interest in the story.

Continuity/currency- the story based around the offshore funds has been increasing in names of rich or famous people that have been 'exploiting the poor'.

Audience

The stereotypical audience for the Daily Telegraph are conservative supporters. The Daily Telegraph may want their audience to be people who disapprove of the rich, due to their negative depiction of the offshore funds. However, this news has been put aside, suggesting they want Trump to be the main focus, where anyone who has an interest or hate in Trump would want to read about him.

Masthead

Unlike several other newspapers, The Daily Telegraph have a masthead in lower case letters. The main interest is focused on the font style, which isn't simplistic, but is more stylised. It appears in a old-fashioned and traditional way, further implying they want their readers to be older people.

Layout and Style

The layout of this image is set out in a way where there is only one main image, so the reader automatically focuses their attention on it. Moreover, the text displayed around the image is very small, so most people will not notice the context instantly; it makes us once again, drawn to the picture over the rest of the information.

Language

The language and text used in this broadsheet suggests the readers are most likely to be people who have a lot of time to read through the paper, and who want to go in depth of a story. Because of the length of writing that is displayed, it highlights the readers are people who enjoy reading, and are more interesting in the text than the pictures. The phrase 'clear  out' is used in the heading, which results in the reader questioning the publishers judgement, possibly enticing them even more into knowing whether ministers will 'clear out'-captivating interests.

Newspaper Terminology

Introduction to Newspaper

Introduction

• they have been around sine the mid 17th century
• wasn't until 20th century they were primary means of bringing news to the public
• unlike broadcasting, they don't have to be impartial
• can show political bias
• largely self-regulating
• their regulating body is the IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation)-formerly the Press Complaints Commission
• Leveson Inquiry 2011-allegations on phone hacking was carried out, where code of conduct and tighter controls were imposed-nothing really happened, except new IPSO instead of PCC
• newspaper industry is largely in decline in terms of print circulation
• newspapers have had to adapt and move in a bid for survival

POPULAR	MID-MARKET	QUALITY
The Sun	Daily Mail	The Guardian
The Mirror	Daily Express	The Times
The Daily Star	Sunday Express	The Telegraph
	Metro	i

Codes and Conventions of Broadsheet Newspapers

• front cover is mostly political
• little celebrity news
• main news on front page
• formal language
• basic layout
• small writing
• lots of writing
• minimal pictures
• contents page
• aimed at high social groups (A, B, C1)
• serious headlines

Codes and Conventions of Tabloids

• multiple headlines
• several pictures
• more colour
• less writing
• not as 'serious', more comedic
• aimed at social groups C2, D and E
• advertising
• chatting, coloquial
• 'popular' press
• human interests
• no political